The 2003 Election Campaign essays

The 2003 Election Campaign essays The 2003 election campaign was highlighted by the repetitious and common campaigning seen in previous elections as well as some unexpected and different strategies used by the major parties, and some factors that no candidate or party could have helped or stopped. The policies that the ALP are promising the NSW people , if they are reelected, mainly revolve around better education, better health resources and a tougher stance on criminals. As a result of terrorism threats and the growth of crime rates in NSW, in particular the Sydney area, the Labor party had delivered tougher jail sentencing in a resort to cut down on criminal rates and ensure the safety of the NSW people by passing the Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Amendment (Standard Minimum Sentencing) Bill. The ALP and the opposition have put much emphasis on this area of development. They promise to continue putting police in crime hotspots, where they are needed the most. Further emphasis has also been put on the improvement on the education system of NSW with the ALP presenting many policies for the development of education in NSW especially for public education, like High Schools and TAFE institutes. The ALP are planning to spend $7.3 billion on public schools and TAFE institutes. With the current national nurse shortage, Labor has promised to provide more nurses into hospitals around the state. They have already returned 891 nurses and are promising a 15% pay rise during the course of this year. The ALP is also building 36 more hospitals in rural areas of NSW. The Labor Party has launched an extensive, and a little expensive, advertising campaign. The advertisements looked to capitalize on the oppositions inexperience. They have attacked the leader of the opposition John Brogden claiming he is too inexperienced for the job and declaring the Liberal Party simply does not have the resources required to lead ...

Mastering the College Admission Essay

Mastering the College Admission Essay Mastering the College Admission Essay College admission essays can be intimidating for a lot of students. The idea that something as simple as a few paragraphs can have such an impact on your future is understandably scary. Putting in the time, thought, and effort into crafting a standout admission essay can seem daunting, but there are a few simple things you can do to amp up your paper. Be You As clichà © as it may sound, you want your own personality to come across in the essay. Dont try to sound impressive. The college administrators read thousands of essay every year, but only one of them is yours. Take the chance to show them yourself, and express your own triumphs. A lot of hopeful students try to make themselves sound better with tales of charity work, or underdog stories. When so many of those types of essays are submitted, its the everyday experience that starts to standout. Language Of course you want to sound smart, but dont overdo it. A college admission essay may seem like the perfect opportunity to crack open a thesaurus and wax poetic, but the truth is that using synonyms and lengthy descriptors only weighs your essay down. Wading through a four sentence description of the scenery is only going make the people reading your essay tired, and possibly confused. Using concise language is far more likely to make a lasting impression. The more you try to shove SAT words into your essay, the more you disconnect yourself from the reader. Generally, you want to write the way that you would speak. Read your essay aloud. If it sounds clunky and unnatural when youre speaking, its going to be clunky and unnatural when they read it. Content Subject matter is another tricky task. Students seem inclined to write about what they think the college cares about dont! Write about whats important to you. Demonstrating the way you think is the exact purpose of the admission essay, in the first place. Kicking that aside to try and please the person reading your essay defeats the point. Your essay is a chance to say what you couldnt express in the application. You want to come off as if youre speaking directly to the person reading your paper, and telling them what your standard application couldnt. Proofreading Once youre happy with your content the next step is to go over it with a strict eye. Any misplaced punctuation, spelling errors, or grammatical mistakes can have a negative impact on how your essay is perceived. If you arent confident in how your own editing, its a good idea to have someone else look for you. has a team of experienced writers to make sure your admission essay is as perfect as possible.

Will be uploaded later Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Will be uploaded later - Essay Example This has improved the consumer research process used by manufacturers. The article selected for analysis concerns Skagen. Skagen is a US cross-border company, which deals with accessories brand particularly wristwatch brand, handbags, jewellery, and other durable personal disposals. The selected article concerns Skagen’s endeavours of seeking expansion into the UK retail market. The author of the article is Mark Lewis. Lewis posted the article in Financial Times on February 17, 2013. The reason for choosing the article is that the author highlights critical aspects that I will use to review various theories in retail development, theories of retailing, and principles of retailing. Most authors have begun focusing on retail marketing from a theoretical angle. There is no single theory which is universally acceptable or applicable. The applicability of each theory differs from one market to another. The variations are brought about by the different socioeconomic conditions and the maturity level of the market. These theories basically revolve around laying emphasis on the importance of establishing a viable competitive advantage and developing investments that are within an organization’s capabilities. Varley (2005) notes that for these theories to be effectively implemented strategic plans must be set up by the retail organizations to identify market signals and opportunities that occur dynamically. The theories are environmental, cyclical, and conflictual. The article recommends that Skagen’s strategy of expansion should be based on quality product rather than brand exposure. In the contemporary market arena, customers have shifted bases of their purchase decision-making from price or brand popularity to specific attributes of the product that meet their requirements. Charles Darwin’s theory on natural selection or the survival for the fittest can also define this theory. Retail organizations are economic entities that deal

In disadvantaged areas around the world, young men find expressions of Essay

In disadvantaged areas around the world, young men find expressions of their masculinity through violence. discuss - Essay Example Additional factors such as social class, poverty, culture and race are also involved, and this makes it difficult to isolate the element of gender and analyse its role in society. This paper introduces recent theories about gender in society and suggests an appropriate way of approaching the subject. It then considers how far and why young men in disadvantaged areas might choose to use violence as a means of expressing their masculinity. Finding an appropriate vocabulary is an important first step in understanding how gender affects behaviour: â€Å"Talking about gender for most people is the equivalent of fish talking about water.† (Lorber, 1994, 21) A great deal of human experience of gender is taken for granted because it occurs on an unconscious level. It is not something that individuals work out themselves, but rather it is the result of repeated interactions with other people who convey the prevailing values and boundaries of society. Lorber stresses the social nature o f gender: â€Å"To explain why gendering is done from birth, constantly and by everyone, we have to look not only at the way individuals experience gender but at gender as a social institution.† (Lorber, 1994, 21). ... From birth babies are assigned to male or female gender, and this results in a whole set of traditional responses which reinforce that gender. Because there is pressure from the family, and from society at large, boys and girls internalize a lot of these notions of gender and grow up â€Å"doing gender† themselves, in ways that are defined by others. This is what it means when we say that gender is socially constructed. The dominance of patriarchy in most human societies ensures that there is a widespread tendency to accord more status and prestige to men, in relation to women. Organized violence tends to be the work of men, and this is a pattern that has been evident throughout history as successive male governments launch into wars with each other. Culture does have some influence in the way that this occurs, however, and Connell points out that â€Å"Commercial capitalism calls on a calculative masculinity and the class struggles of industrialization call on a combative on e. Their combination, competitiveness, is institutionalized in ‘business’ and becomes a central theme in the new form of hegemonic masculinity† (Connell, 1987, p. 156). Western industrialized capitalism, therefore, produces a particularly restrictive form of masculinity which has assertion of power and resistance to this power built into its fabric. Dominant males oppress females and also weaker males. This is the force that lies behind unfairness in comparative wage levels, inequality in access to jobs, promotions and all kinds of opportunities. In communities which are generally disadvantaged both men and women are subjected to prejudice from the more affluent parts of society and this brings their status closer together, at the bottom of social hierarchies. When

To What Extent Do You Think Was a Revolutionary Sculptor Essay Example for Free

To What Extent Do You Think Was a Revolutionary Sculptor Essay Kritios was an Athenian sculptor, whose style and technique during the late archaic period helped revolutionize the archaic period into the Classical period. He has two main statutes that I am going to examine the first of which being the Kritios boy. Also referred to as â€Å"the first beautiful nude art† it is very important as it is a precursor to the later classical sculptures. It depicts a young boy in an idea form (so sculpted in the nude if they where in the ideal form) and is possibly a reflection of the Athenian cultural obsession with Pederasty. Yet it is more important in the sense that it smashes the Korous pose. The Kritios boy is so important as Kritios has mastered a complete understanding of how the different parts of the body act together, the statue supports the weight on the left leg meaning that the right one is bent at the knee and relaxed, and forces a chain of events as the pelvis is pushed diagonally upwards on the left side this causes the right buttock to relax and the spine to be placed in an â€Å"S† shaped curve causing the shoulder line to dip left to counteract the action of the pelvis. his stance is referred to as contrapposto, and the Kritios boy is one of the earliest examples of it mastered. (One of the greatest examples of contrapposto in history was during the neoclassical period ‘David† by Michelangelo, 1504) but this could not have been achieved without Kritios. The kritios boy also shows a number of other innovations that distinguish it from any of the Archaic Kouroi or anythi ng from the Archaic period. The muscular and skeletal structure are depicted with an unforced life-like accuracy as well as having the rib cage naturally expanded. Almost as if he is breathing in. the statue’s hips are relaxed and another reason why it is revolutionary in the break though into the classical period is the â€Å"smile† of the archaic statues, has been changed to accurate lips and the face is completely emotionless. The second Kritios statue I am going to look at was not just made by him, He and Nesiotes combined their sculptures of Aristogeiton and Harmodius to make ‘The Tyrannicides’ (477-476BC). These statues were a replica of the climax of the story about the two men who killed the Tyrant Of Athens. The Tyrannicides story is told through their stances and the objects they were holding. Aristogeiton (Eromenos); the statue sculpted by Kritios was the older man and the one with all the experience and wisdom who has a beard. He managed to show this by the way Aristogeiton was standing with one leg in front of the other at a defence angle. His arm flat out holding a knife to show his weapon. That he used to stab Hippias to death, some drapery over his arm is shown, and it appears to be being used as some kind of defense, this illustrates that he is experienced. Once again Kritos has used details and the realism to help push sculptor and realism forward with Aristogeiton’s muscles, stance, facial features. As well as beard that course stands out (again illustrating how he is wise). Both statues have frontal emphasis with both having a leg in front and their attacking arms pointing out to the front. The use of frontal emphasis almost puts you in Hipparchus’ shoes because it is what he would have seen when he was getting attacked. Making this a very threatening and violent image. Aristogeiton’s partner Harmodius was sculpted by Nesiotes who followed Kritios’ example and decided to base Hamodius on the opposite of Aristogeiton and make him extremely inexperienced and reckless. Because of his youth, he lacked the experience that Aristogeiton had, therefore his pose was very reckless and he is open to be attacked as his arm in the air exposing the rest of his body,. These men were seen as heroes for the way they killed the King who was more of a tyrant, which opened up Athenian democracy. And they have been immortalized and shown as very strong powerful figures. Again the statues are both very realistic in the way all the joints and body work together (the fact more weight is on one left leg this causes the pelvises to rise ect) In conclusion I feel that Kritios was a revolutionary sculptor as he mastered how a human figure standing with most of it’s weight on one foot causes a compelete change throughout the body as the human form does causing his statues to look allot more realist. This caused a massive step forward in the art and ability to create lifelike sculptures that completely makes the stiff kouroi of the archaic period completely obsolete.

A View from the Bridge Essay -- A View from the Bridge Arthur Miller E

A View from the Bridge There are moments of great tension in this play. Tracing the developments of Eddies obsession, show how Miller creates and builds up tension, particularly in the final part of Act 1. How would the tension be shown dramatically? 'A View from the Bridge' is a play based on pride & justice and Sicilian Honour. There is fine line between natural justice and that that is provided by the law. The theme of 'Justice provided by the law,' starts right at the beginning of the play with Alfieri's opening speech. As a lawyer, he tells the watching audience of his experiences with the people of Brooklyn, "After all, who have I dealt with in my life? Longshoreman and their wives, and fathers and grandfathers, compensation cases, evictions, family squabbles - the petty troubles of the poorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦" The perception of law and lawyers in Brooklyn is not entirely friendly. The people of Brooklyn prefer not to bother with the authorities at a time of legal need. These people would much rather sought out their problems by enforcing Natural Justice, they would deal with a situation in their own way. The community of Brooklyn has its Sicilian Honour, this is a community of people who are against law and order. They find it unlucky to pass a lawyer on the street, in the eyes of Brooklyn people, lawyers are connected with evil and disasters and people would rather not get to close. This play provides the watching audience with a lot of natural justice from the main characters, Eddie, Marco and Beatrice when she intervenes with Eddies and Catherine's relationship. The natural justice with Eddie is with Marco and Rodolpho, Eddie here has taken the law into his own hands and betraying Marco and Rodolph... ... It is now that the tension levels have reached a record breaking high, but that record is broken just a few Brooklyn days later when Marco is released and confronts Eddie. Eddie is very confident and doesn't feel any fear of Marco, Eddie is advised by Beatrice, Catherine and Rodolpho that Marco will seriously kill him and that he should just stay away. However, Eddie couldn't let himself look like a wus towards Marco and so decides to confront him outside. Unknown to the watching audience, Eddie is actually armed, but not dangerous! As Marco tries to seriously harm Eddie, Eddie pulls out his pen knife and the audience a watching have come to their own conclusion that Marco is going to be given the stab, but unsuspectedly tension levels are breaking more world-wide records and Marco decides to take his personal law into his own hands and kills Eddie.

Psychological Distress and Coping Strategies Among Transgenders Essay

â€Å"Why compare yourself with others? No one in the entire world can do a better job of being you than you†.1 Transgender is a general term applied to a variety of individuals, behaviors, and groups involving tendencies to vary from culturally conventional gender roles. Transgender is the state of one’s â€Å"gender identity† (self-identification as woman, man, neither or both) not matching ones â€Å"assigned sex† (identification by others as male, female or intersex based on physical/genetic sex). A transgender individual may have characteristics that are normally associated with a particular gender, identify elsewhere on the traditional gender continuum, or exist outside of it as â€Å"other†, â€Å"agender†, â€Å"Genderqueer†, or â€Å"third gender†. Transgender people may also identify as bigender, or along several places on either the traditional transgender continuum, or the more encompassing continuums which have been developed in response to the significantly more detailed studies done in recent years. 2 ‘Transgender’ refers to a person, male or female, who dresses, acts or presents in a manner that differs from his or her gender norm. ‘Transgender’ includes transvestites (both fetish and dual-role), drag queens, drag kings, androgynes and genderqueers. It does not include transsexual people.3 The transgender community in India, known as hijras, number up to a million people and occupy a unique role in society. On the one hand, they are called upon to offer blessings during auspicious occasions like weddings and at births. The rest of the time, they are not only ignored but often ostracized from society.4 Transgender individuals are commonly viewed as a part of the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) community, forming the commonly known acronym LGBT. However, inclusion of transgender individuals within the sexual orientation political movement, and at social or cultural gay/lesbian events is highly debated. This is due to the division of sexual orientation and gender identity, which, though correlated, are different constructs. Whereas sexual orientation refers to one’s emotional, romantic and sexual attraction to others, gender identity refers to the person’s relationship to their gender and is largely independent of orientation. It is important to make the distinction between sex and gender. Sex is biological and physical (e.g., chromosomes, hormones, gonads), while gender is psychologically and socially constructed. For transgender individuals, gender is not congruent with sex. In order to align sex and gender a transgender individual may or may not undergo medical treatment, such as hormones or surgery. 5 Psychological distress is the end result of factors–example, psychogenic pain, internal conflicts, and external stress that prevent a person from self-actualization and connecting with ‘significant others’6. Coping is the expending conscious effort to solve personal and interpersonal problems, and seeking to master, minimize or tolerate stress or conflict. Psychological coping mechanisms are commonly termed coping strategies or coping skills. The term coping generally refers to adaptive or constructive coping strategies, i.e., the strategies reduce stress levels. Furthermore, the term coping generally refers to reactive coping, i.e., the coping response follows the stressor. This contrasts with proactive coping, in which a coping response aims to head off a future stressor7. Brief Resume of Intended Work 6.1 NEED FOR STUDY The term transgender (TG) was popularized in the 1970s (but implied in the 1960) describing people who wanted to live cross-gender without sex reassignment surgery. In the 1980s the term was expanded to an umbrella term, and became popular as a means of uniting all those whose gender identity did not mesh with their gender assigned at birth. In the 1990s, the term took on a political dimension as an alliance covering all who have at some point not conformed to gender norms, and the term became used to question the validity of those norms or pursue equal rights and anti-discrimination legislation, leading to its widespread usage in the media, academic world and law. The term continues to evolve.2 The population of hijras in India is estimated to be between 50,000 and 1.2 million. There is a huge disparity in the numbers because population censuses only give space to define either males or females. There are no reliable statistics. Tamil Nadu in a path breaking move has come to recogni ze transgenders – (the term itself is no monolith as transgender is more of an umbrella term). 8 Most hijras live at the margins of society with very low status; the very word â€Å"hijra† is sometimes used in a derogatory manner. Few employment opportunities are available to hijras. Many get their income from performing at ceremonies, begging, or sex work—an occupation of eunuchs also recorded in premodern times. Violence against hijras, especially hijra sex workers, is often brutal, and occurs in public spaces, police stations, prisons, and their homes. As with transgender people in most of the world, they face extreme discrimination in health, housing, education, employment, immigration, law, and any bureaucracy that is unable to place them into male or female gender categories. 9 Discrimination has prevented most hijras from obtaining decent education, jobs and housing, say transgender and human rights activists. The vast majority live in slums and, with limited job opportunities, resort to sex work or begging. They weave in and out of Mumbai’s traffic or come onto the women’s compartments of local trains, clap loudly and take money in exchange for a blessing. While hijras continue to face discrimination, they have also made significant social and legal gains in recent years. Last July, the Delhi High Court decriminalized gay sex, and in November, transgenders won the right to be listed as â€Å"other† rather than â€Å"male† or â€Å"female† on electoral rolls and voter identity cards.4 Tamil Nadu has an estimated population of 30,000 transgender people. It has made great strides in trying to integrate transgender people into society. This includes welfare schemes initiated by the Government and acceptance of transgender people into the mainstream media and film industry.10 The Hijra of India are probably the most well known and populous third sex type in the modern world – Mumbai-based community health organisation The Humsafar Trust estimates there are between 5 and 6 million hijras in India. In different areas they are known as Aravani/Aruvani or Jogappa. Often (somewhat misleadingly) called eunuchs in English, they may be born intersex or apparently male, dress in feminine clothes and generally see themselves as neither men. In June 2009, the Supreme Court of Pakistan ordered a census of hijras, who number between 80,000 and 300,000 in Pakistan. In December 2009, Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, the Chief Justice of Pakistan, ordered that the National Database and Registration Authority issue national identity cards to members of the community showing their â€Å"distinct† gender. 11 In a national school climate survey on the school related experiences of our nation’s lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth, 55 percent of transgender youth report being physically attacked.33.2 percent of transgender youth have attempted suicide. 74 percent of transgender youth reported being sexually harassed at school, and 90 percent of transgender youth reported feeling unsafe at school because of their gender expression In a survey of 403 transgender people, 78 percent reported having been verbally harassed and 48 percent reported having been victims of assault, including assault with a weapon, sexual assault or rape. A study was found that bisexual students in Massachusetts and Vermont were three to six times more likely to use cocaine than their straight classmates.12 A study conducted on fifty-five transgender youth described their gender development and some of the stressful life experiences related to their gender identity and gender expression. More than two-thirds of youth reported past verbal abuse by their parents or peers related to their gender identity and nonconformity, and approximately one-fifth to one-third reported past physical abuse. The more gender non-conforming the youth were, the more abuse they reported. Four aspects of psychological resilience were examined: a sense of personal mastery, self-esteem, perceived social support, and emotion-oriented coping. A regression model of the selected aspects of resilience accounted for 40–55 percent of the variance in relation to depression, trauma symptoms, mental health symptoms, and internalizing and externalizing problems. Emotion-oriented coping was a significant predictor of negative mental health as determined by each of the mental health variables 13. A study conducted by GLSEN found that over 85 percent of trans students reported verbal harassment based on their sexual orientation and gender identity. Nearly half (49.5 percent) reported physical harassment based on these characteristics, and a third (34.1 percent) reported being physically assaulted. Transgender students get harassed much more often than their classmates: the study found that transgender students were over four times more likely to be verbally harassed because of their gender expression. The dramatically higher frequency of such victimization among transgender people is alarming, and as one would assume, has significant effects on a student’s ability to learn. 14 Psychiatric nurses are often in ideal position to assess the health and its problems and to offer education and support. Nurse needs to be knowledgeable about psychological distress and coping mechanism among Transgender people. When the nurse develops an effective plan for nursing management, she should consider family involvement, appropriate referral resources. The above studies highlight the psychological distress faced by the transgenders. As there is a dearth of research studies on transgenders in nursing, the researcher felt the need to contribute, explore and identify the psychological distress and coping strategies among transgenders. 6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE A study conducted on the fear of experiencing discrimination often provokes symptoms of psychological distress. One coping resource is positive identification with one’s social group–known as collective self-esteem. This preliminary study investigated whether collective self-esteem was related to fears regarding a transsexual identity and psychological distress among 53 self-identified male-to-female transsexuals (mean age = 50.79 years). Participants were recruited from transgender events held in Arizona and California. The majority (81 percent) reported living full-time as women (mean length of time living as a woman = 6.33 years). Negative feelings about the transsexual community and fears regarding the impact of a transsexual identity were positively related to psychological distress. A regression model revealed that the fear of how a transsexual identity would affect one’s life was the best predictor of the severity of psychological distress. These results a re consistent with findings from other historically marginalized groups, whereby the stress of being stigmatized by society adversely affects mental health. 15 A study used three focus groups to explore factors that affect the experiences of youth (ages 15 to 21) that identify as transgender. The focus groups were designed to probe transgender youths’ experiences of vulnerability in the areas of health and mental health. This involved their exposure to risks, discrimination, marginalization, and their access to supportive resources. Three themes emerged from an analysis of the groups’ conversations. The themes centered on gender identity and gender presentation, sexuality and sexual orientation, and vulnerability and health issues. Most youth reported feeling they were transgender at puberty, and they experienced negative reactions to their gender atypical behaviors, as well as confusion between their gender identity and sexual orientation. Youth noted four problems related to their vulnerability in health-related areas: the lack of safe environments, poor access to physical health services, inadequate resources to address their mental health concerns, and a lack of continuity of care giving by their families and communities16. A study conducted on the sexual minority status is a key risk factor for suicide among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth; however, it has not been studied among transgender youth. Fifty-five transgender youth reported on their life-threatening behaviours. Nearly half of the sample reported having seriously thought about taking their lives and one quarter reported suicide attempts. Factors significantly related to having made a suicide attempt included suicidal ideation related to transgender identity; experiences of past parental verbal and physical abuse; and lower body esteem, especially weight satisfaction and thoughts of how others evaluate the youths’ bodies. Sexual minority status is a key risk factor for life-threatening behaviours among transgender youth.17 A recent study undertaken to understand the level of General wellbeing of Male-to-female (MTF) Transgender population living in Chennai shed light on the mental health concerns of the transgender population in Chennai. The study consisted of transgender (n=33), and that had been selected for the study by using Purposive sampling technique because it was a challenge to collect data from the population, given their obscurity. A standardized Tamil version of the Wellbeing Questionnaire-12 was used. As for the results of the quantitative data, 75.76 percent of the samples fell under Average Wellbeing Category, 24.24 percent of samples fell under Better Wellbeing Category and 0 percent fell under Poor Wellbeing Category. From the In-Depth Interviews it is inferred that the socio-economic status of Transgender is very poor, they feel inferior to others and are constantly humiliated and il l-treated by the society at large. However, support within the community is strong.18 A research study has documented the link between mental health disorders and discrimination. The coming-out process for an older LGBT person, who has lived most of his or her life in a hostile or intolerant environment, can induce significant stress and contribute to lower life satisfaction and self-esteem. Managing social stressors such as prejudice, stigmatization, violence, and internalized homophobia over long periods of time results in higher risks of depression, suicide, risky behaviour, and substance abuse. LGBT populations, therefore, may be at increased risk for these and other mental disorders. There may be a higher lifetime prevalence of affective disorders in LGBT persons, but no difference in current prevalence of such disorders. However, while little is known about the actual prevalence of mental health disorders in LGBT adults, even less is known about the prevalence of mental health disorders in older LGBT adults. 19 A study examined the relationship between psychological well-being variables (i.e., depression, anxiety, and self-esteem) and level of outness in male-to-female (M t F) transsexuals. Participants were 105 M t F transsexual attendees at an annual transgender conference held in Atlanta, Georgia. Participants completed seven questionnaires, including the Demographics Questionnaire, the Outness Demographics Questionnaire, the Outness Attitude Scale, the Openness Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. A canonical correlation was conducted with psychological well-being variables as the predictor and the outness variables as the criterion. Results indicated that psychological well-being variables are related to outness. Treatment implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed. 20 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM A study to assess the psychological distress and coping strategies among transgenders in a selected area, Bangalore. 6.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To assess the psychological distress among transgenders in a selected area, Bangalore. 2. To assess the coping strategies among transgenders in selected area, Bangalore. 3. To find out the relationship between psychological distress and coping strategies among transgenders in selected area, Bangalore. 4. To find out the association between the psychological distress and coping strategies among transgenders with selected demographic variables. 6.4 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS * ASSESS: In this study, assess refers to an organized and systematic way of finding out the psychological distress and coping strategies among transgender. * PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS: In this study, psychological distress refers to the failure of the people to respond adequately to mental, emotional, or physical demands which will be assessed by using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. * COPING STRATEGIES: In this study coping strategies refers to the mechanism that adapted by the transgenders to overcome the distress which will be assessed by using Coping Strategies Survey. * TRANSGENDER: In this study, transgender refers to people those are born with a particular gender but have the behaviour and characteristics of opposite gender. HYPOSTHESIS H1- There is a significant relationship between psychological distress and coping strategies. H2- There is significant association between psychological distresses with selected demographic variables. H3 – There is significant association between coping strategies with selected demographic variables. 6.5 ASSUMPTIONS * Transgenders adopt different coping strategies to overcome psychological distress. VARIABLES UNDER THE STUDY * Research variable: * Psychological distress * Coping strategies. * Demographic variable: Age, education, religion, marital status, cultural background, socio economic status, area of residence, past experiences. DELIMITATIONS: * The study is delimited to selected areas of Bangalore. * The study is limited to 100 samples. 7. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 7.1 SOURCE OF DATA The data will be collected from the transgender in selected areas in Bangalore. RESEARCH APPROACH: The investigator will use descriptive exploratory approach to conduct the study. RESEARCH DESIGN: The research design for the study will be descriptive survey design. RESEARCH SETTINGS: Study will be done in the selected NGO’s for transgenders in Bangalore. POPULATION: The target population for study is transgenders in selected area. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE: Investigator is using purposive sampling technique to draw the samples. SAMPLE SIZE: The sample size will be 100 transgenders. SAMPLING CRITERIA: INCLUSION CRITERIA: * People who are willing to participate in this study. * People who know English and Kannada. * People present at the time of data collection. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: * People who are terminally ill or have critical illness. METHODS OF COLLECTING DATA Structured self reporting technique will be used to collect the data. Permission will be taken from samples and an informed consent will be obtained from the samples. 7.2 DATA COLLECTION TOOL * Part I – it consists of demographic variables like age, gender, education, socio-economic status, area of residence, past experiences. * Part II – the investigator will use Kessler Psychological Distress Scale for psychological distress and Coping Strategies Survey for assessing coping strategies. DATA ANALYSIS METHOD: * The data will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. * Descriptive statistics like mean, frequency, percentages and standard deviation will be used. * Inferential statistics like â€Å"correlation co-efficient† and â€Å"chi- square† methods will be used. 7.3 DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INVESTIGATION OR INTERVENTION TO BE CONDUCTED ON PATIENTS OR OTHER HUMAN OR ANIMAL? IF SO PLEASE DESCRIBE BRIEFLY. * No, this is a descriptive study, it does not require any investigation to be conducted on patients or human or animals. 7.4 HAS ETHICAL CLEARENCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM YOUR INSTITUTION? * Yes, the ethical clearance certificate has been enclosed. 8. REFERENCES: 1. Available from: URL: http://thinkexist.com/search/searchquotation.asp?search=self+esteem 2. Gay and Lesbian Alliance against Defamation (online). 2010 May ( cited 2011 Feb 24); Available from: URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender 3. Available from: URL: http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070926024655AAZAbtB 4. Hanna Ingber Win. Global post. Transgender India: Banned in Bombay? (Online) 2010 April 10; 1(8). Available from: URL: http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/india/100409/india-transgender-scandal-banned-bombay 5. Kayden Z Healy. Internalized Transphobia, Minority Stress, and Collective Self-Esteem. June 2011 6. Available from: URL: http://medicaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com/psychological+distress 7. Carver, Connor-Smith J. Personality and coping, Annual Review of Psychology. (2010). P. 61, 679 – 704. Available from: URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coping_(psychology) 8. Indian and Hijra (online). 2008 Nov 30 Available from: URL: http://shantanudutta.sulekha.com/blog/post/2008/11/indian-and-hijra.htm 9. Ravaging the Vulnerable: Abuses against Persons at High Risk of HIV Infection in Bangladesh (online). 2003 Aug: Available from: URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijra_(South_Asia) 10. Chennai: Move on toilets for transgenders sparks off debate (online). 2009 Jun 23: Available from: URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Tamil_Nadu 11. Ahmed M. Scalo Publishers (online). 2001 Sep 15: Available from: URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_gender 12. Available from: URL: http://www.youthprideri.org/Resources/Statistics/tabid/227/Default.aspx 13. Arnold H G, Anthony R D, John A F. Aspe cts of Psychological Resilience among Transgender Youth. Journal of LGBT Youth (serial online) 2011 (cited 2011 Apr 08); 8(2): (2y screens). Available from: URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19361653.2011.541347 14. Tonei Glavinic. Student plus online academic student journal. Research Shows Lack of Support for Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Youth in U.S. School Systems 2009 January 24; 1. 15. Sanchez, Francisco J, Vilain, Eric. Journal of Counseling Psychology. Collective self-esteem as a coping resource for male-to-female transsexuals 2009 Jan; 56(1): 202-9. 16. Arnold H. G, Anthony R. D. Transgender Youth. Journal of Homosexuality (serial online) 2006 (cited 2008 oct 17); 51(1): (2y screens). Available from: URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J082v51n01_06 17. Arnold H. G, Anthony R. D. Transgender Youth. Life-Threatening Behaviors. 2010 Dec 18. Thilakaravi. Mental Health Concerns of Transgender Population Living in Chennai, South India – A Study. MeD INDIA Networking for health January 2011. 19. Mark J Simone, Jonathan. Appelbaum. Clinical gediatrics. Addressing the Needs of Older Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Adults: 2011; 19(2) p.38-45. 20. Jeffrey D Strain, I Michael Shuff. Psychological Well-Being and Level of Outness in a Population of Male-to-Female Transsexual Women Attending a National Transgender Conference. International Journal of Transgenderis: 2010 oct-dec p. 230-240.

Why Has the Power of the Federal Government Expanded

Kenneth A. Cherisol AMH 2020 Prof. John Fitzgerald Nov 17, 2010 But WHY? Why has the power of the federal government expanded so significantly? Was this shift in power from state governments to the federal government necessary? Government power took a huge shifted from state government to federal government during and after the civil war. Although President Franklin D Roosevelt’s new deal is often considered the pivotal point that caused this shift, the major event attributing to this shift in power was the civil war. The first event that led to a growth in federal power was the ratification of the Constitution in 1789.Although the constitution is to protect the right of individuals and limit the power of government it led to more government power so that it can accomplish its goals. Eventually the Civil war established the federal government’s power over the states. After the civil war the Federal government had to enforce its power over the states to control issues su ch segregation, racism and regulating states powers over the rights of citizens. The government that was established to protect the rights of it citizens now had to look out for its economic welfare.Eventually this led the way for interest groups such as union veterans to tap into the federal treasury. The government now needed means to obtain funds for it limited treasury. Different commissions were developed to regulate aspects of the food industry, fuel, trade and eventually the entire economy. Some of these commissions include the FDA established in 1906, the Federal trade commission established in 1914 and the Federal Reserve establishes in 1913. Eventually in 1913 federal income tax was established providing a source of funds for the federal treasury.World War 1 led to future advancement of the Federal government’s power even further. The federal government now regulated waterway shipping, railways were nationalized, and the United States food administration now regulat ed all aspects of the food industry from agriculture, distribution and sales. During the 1920’s US agriculture suffered because the worldwide market for farm products was competitive. This led to the federal government passing tariffs of farm imports and in 1922 the Capper-Volstead act exempted agricultural cooperatives from antitrust laws.Another act, the Agricultural Credits act of 1923, made it easier for farmer to receive loans from the Federal Farm Board which was established by the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929. The federal Government also needed to regulate the power of businesses. The Federal Government began to limit the power of business by enforcing antitrust laws created by the Shermans act of 1890. Antitrust enforcement was another area in which Federal government increased in power. I believe the expansion of the Federal Government was necessary in every way to ensure the future of US.Before the civil war the states had most of the power dictating state law s and each was concerned with better its own states not looking at the nation as a whole. This led to issues such as the south having slaves and the north not allowing slavery. Eventually this led to the civil war. The federal government is necessary to regulate the powers of the states. Acts such as the civil rights act of 1964 led to equal treatment of individuals regardless of race or color. Even after the act the federal government had to enforce the laws on the south and rebuild the south’s state governments.The federal government’s power affects our daily lives from education to regulations on entertainment and safety. Due to recent economic issues states are allowing the federal government to dictate education policy in exchange for funding. Federal taxes affect our income and ensure funding for various government programs. Federal expansion is also necessary to maintain peace with other nations and ensure the safety of American lives through funding for our mil itary and regulating foreign affairs. I believe the growth in Federal Government is necessary and without it the US would not be as influential and powerful as it is today.

Gulf of Tonkin essays

Gulf of Tonkin essays Was President Johnson's decision for retaliatory acts against North Vietnam after the Gulf of Tonkin incidents justified? Or an even better question to ask is, did both incidents ever really happen? To answer these questions its necessary to look at some of the historical background of the region. For much of Vietnam's history it has been under foreign rule, primarily by the Chinese. In 1860, France began its domination of the area and had, by the late 19th century, had several colonies in a number of regions around the Gulf of Tonkin. During WWII, the Japanese government took control of much of the area and set up a puppet regime that was eventually forced out by the Vietnamese at the end of 1945. After WWII and until 1955, France fought hard to regain their former territories in the region, their effort was wasted. The French were finally defeated at Dien Bien Phu on the 8th of May 1954 by the communist general Vo Nguyen Giap. The communist regime set up its headquarters in Hanoi under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh. Many North Vietnamese left the country and fled south where the self-proclaimed president, Ngo Dinh Diem had formed the Republic of Vietnam. In the 1950's, the United States began to send troops to Vietnam, during the following 25-year period; the war would c reate some of the strongest tensions in US history. Almost 3 million US men and women were sent thousands of miles to fight for what was a questionable cause. In total, it is estimated that over 2 million people on both sides were killed. On August 2, 1964, three North Vietnamese patrol boats attack the American destroyer U.S.S. Maddox in the Gulf of Tonkin ten miles off the coast of North Vietnam. They fire three torpedoes and machine-guns, with no resulting causalities. U.S. Navy fighters from the carrier Ticonderoga, attack the patrol boats, sinking one and damaging the other two. At the White House, it is Sunday morning (twelve hours b...

15 Quotes to Help You Survive the Holidays with Kids

15 Quotes to Help You Survive the Holidays with Kids Holiday vacations hold a special meaning for all of us. Some think of parties, a Bahamas cruise, or visiting grandma. But what if holidays spell kids-at-home-running-riot? Erma Bombeck said, Being a child at home alone is a high-risk occupation. If you call your mother at work thirteen times an hour, she can hurt you. Here are more funny quotes about holiday vacations. Erma BombeckNo self-respecting mother would run out of intimidations on the eve of a major holiday. George CarlinMarry an orphan: youll never have to spend boring holidays with the in-laws. Alice CooperThe two most joyous times of the year are Christmas morning and the end of school. Roger BannisterOur concept of a family holiday was going to a guest house in the Lake District or Wales where walking was part of the holiday. Kylie MinogueI have had a holiday, and Id like to take it up professionally. Frank TygerWhen you like your work every day is a holiday. George Bernard ShawA perpetual holiday is a good working definition of hell. Sam EwingVacation: Two weeks on the sunny sands - and the rest of the year on the financial rocks. George CarlinThe other night I ate at a real nice family restaurant. Every table had an argument going. Philip AndrewTo many people, holidays are not voyages of discovery, but a ritual of reassurance. Earl WilsonA vacation is what you take when you can no longer take what youve been taking. Elbert HubbardNo man needs a vacation so much as the person who has just had one. Kenneth GrahameAfter all, the best part of a holiday is perhaps not so much to be resting yourself, as to see all the other fellows busy working. Dave BarryThe best time to go (to Disney World), if you want to avoid huge crowds, is 1962. Raymond DuncanA lot of parents pack up their troubles and send them off to summer camp. When Holidays Are Here, Do You Get Cold Feet? If you were a stay-at-home mom, youd know. Heck, if you were a working mom, youd know too. For kids, holidays means clogging up the bathtub with paper balls, which sometimes metamorphose into gobs of different shapes, colors, and textures. Holidays also mean running around the house, especially on my freshly shampooed carpet with muck from the garden. And lets not even talk about the innumerable slugs, bugs, and frogs that seem to have made home in a little box under the bed of my younger son. What Holidays Mean With Kids Are at Home Holidays means endless cooking for the ravenous little ones. They are forever saying, Im hungry! or When can we have pizza? once every 15 minutes through the day. I wonder how they managed to survive school hours with one lunch break! And whatever is cooked at home is yucky enough for them to pull a face, or use the food as play dough. Kids make fortresses out of table linen or mess up the walls with their grubby fingers. They are bundles of boisterous energy that needs to be channeled. Moms are driven to  their wits end and resort to letting them watch endless reruns on video. How About Taking Off to a Holiday Destination With Kids? How about taking off on a holiday to someplace which is exotic and fun? Good idea, but be warned that kids are not the best travel companions. Between umpteen loo visits, pit stops at every fast food outlet, and shopping and whining at every toy shop, youd be happy if you get some time to look at the scenic locales. And just when you find a cozy spot to put up your feet, you will be assailed with a Mommy, can we go home, please? And you wonder then whether it was even a smart idea to travel long distance. Having kids at home during holidays can be a nightmare. If you have not planned it through, you may be in for some hair-raising experiences. But with the right plans, you can have a great time with kids during holidays. Here is a 5-step plan on how to survive the holidays with kids: 1. Prepare a list of activities that will be a hit with the kids and keep them off your hair. It could be soccer class, swimming class, camps, or craft classes. Kids love to try out new stuff. Find out what activities are available in your neighborhood. If your kids friends have signed up for some special courses, you may want to team up with them. This way you can work a carpool schedule too. 2. Organize play dates, slumber parties and picnic with friends. The downside is that you will have to look after more than one child. However, the upside is that kids are usually less clingy when their friends are around. Also, you can squeeze in a bit of me time, when the kids are busy with each other. Besides, whoever said that you cannot rotate the activities in each participating parents house? Today, it is your turn. There will be a golden tomorrow when it is someone elses turn. 3. Stock up on supplies. Kids at home mean more food, more mess, and more activities. Keep your ammunition ready. Wipes. Sanitizers. Raincoat. Snacks. First Aid Kits. Crayons. DIY project kits. Even if you think that you may not need them all, there is no harm in stocking up. You never know when you will need these. 4. Set some ground rules from Day 1 and be firm. Ground Rule No.1 is no TV before dinner and bedtime brushing of teeth. That way, you ensure that when the kids fall asleep on the couch, it is easy to carry them off to their beds. 5. If you are traveling out with kids, including an adventure in the itinerary. Typically, beach locations, wild-life sanctuaries, and camps are fun for kids. You cant expect your 3-year-old to behave in a mall, which is overflowing with goodies and toys on Christmas Eve. Likewise, you cannot expect him to trudge up a hill, just because you love trekking. Make realistic plans, if you want to save your sanity. Some parents become excellent at planning, time management, and multitasking after having children.  Kids are indeed the best teachers.You are not the only one to feel heartache and joy of celebrating holidays with kids.

Summary of America's 1 percent problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary of America's 1 percent problem - Essay Example vel of inequality in the American society is evident in the income of CEOs vis-a-vis the income of the average worker which stood at a ratio of 243: 1 in 2010 (Stiglitz, 2012, 3). While the top one percent are growing richer by the day, the poor are getting poorer even as the middle class continues to shrink. The problem is so grave that the middle class and the poor are driven toward living in poverty and without a safety net. Furthermore, the level of inequality is so great that economic insecurity even among workers is a reality. While many people believe that the U.S. is a land of opportunities to the extent that poverty is foreign to it, this is not the case according to Stiglitz (2012). He notes that apart from the levels of unemployment, poverty, and economic insecurity being high in the U.S., the standard of living is, in fact, on a decline (14). While several countries including Brazil have made strides to bridge the gap of inequality, the U.S. has done nothing in to reverse the

Baroque Music Play List Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Baroque Music Play List - Term Paper Example Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart- Ave Verum Corpus: While we listen to it, we can feel a great and rare angelic beauty making its way to our hearts. It makes the listeners feel blessed and calm. Mozart was a prolific and influential  composer of the  Classical era. He composed over 600  works, many acknowledged as pinnacles of  symphonic, chamber, piano,  operatic, and  choral  music. He is among the most enduringly popular of  classical  composers. Mozart showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood in  Salzburg. Already competent on  keyboard  and  violin, he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty. Antonio Lotti- Crucifixus : This is a magnificent , high quality music made for vocal performance. I chose this for I was amazed by its contrapuntal techniques and variety of voices. Lotti produced masses, cantatas, madrigals and around thirty operas and instrumental music. His work is thought to be the bridge between the established baroque and emerging Classical styles.